Agentic commerce means that an AI agent chooses, compares and orders on a person's behalf. For online shops it is already starting, and the common language an agent uses to talk to a shop is the Universal Commerce Protocol, UCP for short.
The standard was developed by Google and Shopify together with Etsy, Wayfair, Target and Walmart, and Google published it on 11 January 2026.12 Four versions of the specification have been released so far3 and more than 19,000 shops now publish a valid profile.4 In the Czech Republic the search company Seznam has been testing it on its comparison site Zboží.cz since September, and on 10 November the e-commerce platform Shoptet built it into its product.56
The text is long because it is meant as a reference you can come back to. If you are after one thing only, the contents will take you there.
The data reflects the situation on 14 November 2026. The protocol changes quickly and the next version of the specification is announced for 10 December 2026.4 The superscript numbers lead to the sources at the end of the article.
- Launched
- 11 January 2026
- Authors
- Google and Shopify
- Licence
- Apache 2.0
- Current version
- 2026-08-25
- Next version
- 10 December 2026
- Specification
- ucp.dev
Basics
What agentic commerce and UCP are
An agent shops for a person. UCP is the common language it uses to deal with the shop.
Agentic commerce is a purchase in which an AI agent does part of the work or all of it. It finds the goods, compares offers, builds the basket and prepares the order or even submits it. In the Czech Republic Seznam is introducing it under this name on Zboží.cz.5
Today an agent can buy in two ways. It can click through a website like a person, which is slow and breaks easily, or it needs a separate integration for every platform. UCP offers a third way. The shop publishes what it can do, the agent reads it and both sides then work only with what both of them support.7
People often confuse UCP with a marketplace or a payment gateway. It is only a specification under the Apache 2.0 licence and anyone who runs a shop can deploy it, on any platform.7 The shop remains the seller. The order is created there, the shop is liable for it and the shop handles returns and complaints.18
The specification distinguishes four roles.7
Platform
The AI agent or application that acts for the customer. It is not supposed to handle raw card numbers.9
Business
Publishes what it can do and acts as the seller in the transaction. It decides for itself what it offers to agents.
Credential provider
A wallet that manages the customer's payment cards and addresses. Google Pay and Shop Pay are examples.9
Payment service provider
Processes the payment for the shop. The protocol does not prescribe any particular provider.2
Technology
How UCP works technically
Everything starts with one public file on the shop's domain.
- Step 1
Shop profile
The shop publishes a JSON file at
/.well-known/ucp. It describes the shop's services, capabilities and payment methods.7 - Step 2
Negotiation
With every request the agent sends a link to its own profile in the
UCP-Agentheader. The shop compares both profiles and uses only what both sides support.9 - Step 3
Catalogue and basket
The agent searches the catalogue, loads product details and builds a basket. Prices, taxes and shipping are always calculated by the shop.1011
- Step 4
Checkout and payment
The agent requests a token from the wallet and passes it to the shop. The shop completes the payment with its own provider, so card numbers never pass through the agent's hands.9
What a shop profile looks like
The example is shortened. A real profile links every entry to the specification and schema, and its keys field carries the public keys used to verify signatures.7
{
"ucp": {
"version": "2026-08-25",
"services": {
"dev.ucp.shopping": [
{
"version": "2026-08-25",
"transport": "rest",
"endpoint": "https://www.shop.example/ucp/v1"
}
]
},
"capabilities": {
"dev.ucp.shopping.catalog.search": [{ "version": "2026-08-25" }],
"dev.ucp.shopping.cart": [{ "version": "2026-08-25" }],
"dev.ucp.shopping.checkout": [{ "version": "2026-08-25" }],
"dev.ucp.shopping.fulfillment": [
{ "version": "2026-08-25", "extends": "dev.ucp.shopping.checkout" }
]
},
"payment_handlers": {}
},
"keys": [
{ "kid": "key_2026", "kty": "EC", "crv": "P-256", "alg": "ES256", "x": "…", "y": "…" }
]
}
The profile has operational requirements too. It must be available over HTTPS without redirects and with a Cache-Control header that allows public caching for at least 60 seconds.9
Where the agent sends requests
We linked to this part of the specification separately on the forum because every implementation rests on it. The endpoint field in the profile is the base address of the service. The agent appends the path from the interface description and gets the full address of the operation. If the shop's profile says https://www.shop.example/ucp/v1, the agent creates a checkout with a POST request to https://www.shop.example/ucp/v1/checkout-sessions. The address must use HTTPS and should not end with a slash. For the A2A transport the endpoint points to the agent card, and for MCP to the address that accepts JSON-RPC calls.9
In the REST interface the checkout has five operations.811
| Operation | Call | What it does |
|---|---|---|
| Create | POST /checkout-sessions | Creates a checkout, a list of items is enough |
| Read | GET /checkout-sessions/{id} | Returns the current state |
| Update | PUT /checkout-sessions/{id} | Replaces the whole content of the checkout |
| Complete | POST /checkout-sessions/{id}/complete | Submits the order, requires payment |
| Cancel | POST /checkout-sessions/{id}/cancel | Ends the checkout without an order |
In a simplified exchange the agent sends the items and the shop replies with the state of the checkout.
POST https://www.shop.example/ucp/v1/checkout-sessions
UCP-Agent: profile="https://agent.example/profile.json"
Content-Type: application/json
{ "line_items": [ { "item": { "id": "shoes-42" }, "quantity": 1 } ] }
{
"ucp": { "version": "2026-08-25" },
"id": "chk_1042",
"status": "incomplete",
"currency": "CZK",
"line_items": [
{
"id": "li_1",
"item": { "id": "shoes-42", "title": "Running shoes", "price": 249000 },
"quantity": 1
}
],
"totals": [
{ "type": "subtotal", "amount": 249000 },
{ "type": "total", "amount": 249000 }
],
"continue_url": "https://www.shop.example/checkout?session=chk_1042",
"links": []
}
In the specification's examples amounts are integers in the smallest currency unit, so 249000 in the sample means CZK 2,490. The status field tells the agent what to do next.8
| Status | What it means |
|---|---|
incomplete | Something is missing. The agent reads the shop's messages and fills in the checkout |
requires_escalation | Input is needed that cannot be given through the interface. The customer continues at the address in continue_url |
ready_for_complete | Everything is filled in and the checkout can be completed |
complete_in_progress | The shop is processing the order |
completed | The order has been created |
canceled | The checkout is no longer valid and a new one has to be created |
The continue_url link is the merchant's safety net. When the agent cannot go on by itself, it hands the unfinished purchase over to the customer on the shop's website and the sale is not lost. In the requires_escalation state the shop has to send it.8
The specification also says who may submit the order. By default a person has to confirm it in a trusted interface. The agent submits it on its own only when both sides support the AP2 mandates extension.8
Capabilities and extensions
The protocol is modular. Capabilities cover what shops have in common and extensions add the rest. A shop lists only what it can really do.7
| Name | What it is for |
|---|---|
| Capabilities Standalone functions of the shop | |
dev.ucp.shopping.catalog.search | Searching the shop's catalogue |
dev.ucp.shopping.catalog.lookup | Product details by identifier |
dev.ucp.shopping.cart | Managing the basket before checkout |
dev.ucp.shopping.checkout | Starting and completing a purchase |
dev.ucp.shopping.order | Events in the life of an order |
dev.ucp.common.identity_linking | Linking the customer's account through OAuth |
dev.ucp.common.location.search | Stores and pick-up points |
| Extensions They add to one of the capabilities | |
dev.ucp.shopping.fulfillment | Shipping and delivery methods |
dev.ucp.shopping.discount | Discounts and discount codes |
dev.ucp.shopping.buyer_consent | Customer consents |
dev.ucp.common.loyalty | Loyalty programmes |
dev.ucp.common.payment.terms | Payment terms such as deposits and instalments |
The same logic can be offered over several transports. The specification describes REST, MCP, A2A and an embedded checkout that the agent shows in its own interface.7 MCP and A2A are protocols in their own right and we explain them in the next section.
Building blocks
What MCP and A2A are
UCP builds on two older protocols. One connects AI to tools, the other connects agents to each other.
MCP connects AI to tools and data
MCP, in full the Model Context Protocol, is an open standard that lets an AI application connect to data sources, tools and prepared workflows. The documentation compares it to a USB-C port for AI applications.12 Anthropic released it as open source on 25 November 202413 and in December 2025 handed it over to the Agentic AI Foundation, which sits under the Linux Foundation.14
It works as a client and a server. On one side there is an application with a language model, such as ChatGPT or Claude. On the other side there is a server that tells it which tools and data it offers. The model then picks a tool to fit the task and calls it, much as a program calls a function.12 Anyone who wants to open their systems to AI writes the server once and uses it in every application that speaks MCP.13 Shoptet, for example, has an MCP server through which AI can set prices and discounts or publish articles.15
A2A connects agents to each other
A2A, or Agent2Agent, solves a different task. It describes how two independent agents reach an agreement when they share neither memory nor tools and may belong to different companies. Google introduced it on 9 April 2025 with more than 50 partners and explicitly as a complement to MCP.16 In June 2025 it handed the protocol to the Linux Foundation and version 1.0 came out in March 2026.1417
Every agent publishes a card in JSON that describes what it can do. Another agent reads the card, makes its choice and assigns a task. The task has a life cycle. It can be done in a second or take hours or days, and the agents exchange messages and status updates about it. The communication rests on the ordinary web standards HTTP, SSE and JSON-RPC.16
| Question | MCP | A2A | UCP |
|---|---|---|---|
| Who talks to whom | An AI application to a tool or data source | An agent to another agent | An agent to a shop |
| What they exchange | Tool calls, data and prepared workflows | Tasks, messages and results | Catalogue, basket, checkout and orders |
| How they find each other | The application connects to a server and the server says what it offers | An agent card in JSON | A profile at /.well-known/ucp |
| Who governs it | Agentic AI Foundation under the Linux Foundation | Linux Foundation | UCP's own councils |
Inside UCP both protocols serve as transports. A shop can offer its capabilities over REST, over MCP as a set of tools the agent calls, or over A2A, where the shop's own agent answers for it and the profile links to its card.9 When launching UCP, Google stressed that it is compatible with MCP, A2A and the AP2 payment protocol.1 In practice MCP leads. In the October census 98% of verified shops had it, about 7,500 of them had REST and only twelve had A2A.4
Timeline
2026 in dates
Less than eight months passed between the announcement and the first Czech deployment.
- 11 January
Google publishes UCP
The first version of the specification comes out together with the announcement of shopping in AI Mode in Search and in Gemini.1
- 11 February
First purchases in the US
UCP checkout goes live in AI Mode and in Gemini, with Etsy and Wayfair among the first.18
- 24 March
OpenAI steps back
ChatGPT drops buying directly in the chat and returns payment to merchants' websites.1814
- 24 and 28 April
The councils grow
Amazon, Meta, Microsoft, Salesforce and Stripe join the Tech Council. Stripe also takes a seat on the Governing Council.3
- 25 August
Version 2026-08-25
It adds 3DS2 payment authentication, deposits and instalments and prepares the ground for food and lodging.1920
- 1 September
Seznam tests on Zboží.cz
The first Czech deployment. A signed-in user completes a purchase in two clicks and the payment takes place with the merchant.5
- 15 October
Universal Cart
Google launches a shared basket in the US that is built on UCP.4
- 10 November
Shoptet
UCP is part of the platform on all plans. Seznam is switching it on step by step for shops that use its Sklik ads and Seznam Nákupy listings.6
- 10 December
Next version
The announced release should bring questions to the shop, return policies and new webhook signing.4
Status in November 2026
Where agentic commerce stands today
The infrastructure is growing fast. Purchases made through agents are still rare.
The numbers show that platforms decide who takes part. Shopify and Wix have UCP in their themes and merchants do not stray from them.22 In the October census by UCP Checker about 10,950 verified shops were on Shopify and 6,700 on Wix. WooCommerce had about twenty and PrestaShop one.4
Share of shops that publish a UCP profile
By platform. TechnologyChecker survey of 19,044 shops from 7 November 2026.21
- BigCommerce85.7%1,417 of 1,654
- Shopify73.0%3,042 of 4,169
- Wix65.0%1,010 of 1,553
- Shopware open source4.6%39 of 850
- Magento open source3.8%65 of 1,718
- Squarespace2.4%31 of 1,285
- Salesforce Commerce Cloud2.3%28 of 1,242
- WooCommerce open source1.8%38 of 2,080
- PrestaShop open source1.7%23 of 1,382
The share is calculated from shops that returned a clear answer. For Magento, WooCommerce, Squarespace and Salesforce most of the hits were domains that also run on Shopify. According to the authors, genuine adoption outside Shopify, BigCommerce and Wix is close to zero.21
According to HTTP Archive data WooCommerce is the most widespread e-commerce platform on the web. In October 2026 it ran on 6.3% of the measured sites and Shopify on 5.4%.23
The Czech Republic got its first deployment sooner than expected
As late as February the expectation was that agentic commerce would reach the Czech Republic in 2027 at the earliest.24 Seznam started testing it on Zboží.cz on 1 September 2026. A signed-in user does not have to enter personal or shipping details again, confirms the purchase in two clicks and the transaction takes place with the merchant.5 Shops on Shopify came first. Seznam told the Czech tech magazine Lupa that coverage could reach thousands of online shops by the end of the year.15
Shoptet announced support on 10 November. UCP is part of the platform on all plans and the merchant does not have to install or switch on anything. To become available for purchases through Zboží.cz, a shop needs a product feed for Seznam Nákupy and an active Sklik account, and even then Seznam enables the feature gradually. The AI prepares the order including shipping and customer details. The customer checks it and pays in the shop through the shop's own payment gateway. Shoptet says more than 49,000 merchants run their business on it.6
Google in only three countries so far
The buy button in AI Mode in Search and in Gemini applies to products eligible in the US, Canada and Australia and only to selected merchants who pass an application. It appears on products that carry the native_commerce attribute in the feed. Payment is made with a card saved in Google Wallet and the merchant needs an account in the Google Pay & Wallet Console.25 The technical implementation has to be finished before applying.26 On Alphabet's October earnings call it was said that UCP enables direct purchases from hundreds of thousands of brands.4
A valid profile does not mean sales yet. Bernstein analysts estimate that purchases through agents make up less than 1% of e-commerce. The authors of the census add that this is infrastructure still waiting for traffic.27
Who governs the standard
UCP is not run by an independent foundation. It is governed by its own councils.14 Google and Shopify are permanent members of the Governing Council, joined by Stripe since 28 April 2026, and the remaining seats are elected. On 24 April the Tech Council grew to 16 seats and gained people from Amazon, Meta, Microsoft, Stripe and Salesforce. Domain councils for food, lodging and payments were set up in the summer. The payments council includes Adyen, PayPal, Stripe and Coinbase, among others.3
Several protocols operate in this field and they complement each other.
| Protocol | What it covers | Who governs it |
|---|---|---|
| UCP | The whole purchase from search to order | Its own councils, founded by Google and Shopify14 |
| ACP | Created in September 2025 for purchases in ChatGPT, today mainly passes product data | OpenAI and Stripe, no foundation1418 |
| MCP | Connecting agents to tools and data | Agentic AI Foundation under the Linux Foundation14 |
| A2A | Communication between agents | Linux Foundation14 |
| AP2 | Authorising an agent to pay | FIDO Alliance14 |
The lines between the camps are blurred. Stripe is a founding steward of ACP and also sits on UCP's councils, and Meta is involved in both.14 There is a WooCommerce extension that serves both protocols on top of one shop.28 Amazon, which otherwise keeps third-party agents out of its store, adopted UCP's schemas for purchases through Alexa+.114
SEO
What agentic commerce changes for SEO
An agent sees neither a results page nor rankings. Much of the work still stays the same.
In February the Czech tech magazine Lupa ran an article on the subject. According to it an agent never loads a product page as HTML and reads only data from the feed in Google Merchant Center and from the UCP interface. A product that is not in Google's Shopping Graph will not be found, the author says.24 We checked this. It holds for one of the four routes by which AI reaches a shop.
| Route | Where the data comes from | What matters |
|---|---|---|
| Buying through Google in AI Mode and Gemini | The Merchant Center feed and the Shopping Graph, checkout over UCP2925 | A complete and fresh feed, the native_commerce attribute, a Merchant Center account in good standing |
| Buying through Zboží.cz | The product feed for Seznam Nákupy, with UCP preparing the order6 | The feed, an active Sklik account and a platform that supports UCP |
| An agent in the browser | The HTML of the page, the accessibility tree and screenshots30 | Semantic HTML, accessibility and guest checkout |
| AI answers in search | Web pages that crawlers get through. Apart from Google's, most of them do not run JavaScript31 | Ordinary SEO. According to Google no special files or markup are needed32 |
For the first route the article is right. According to Google the Shopping Graph held more than 60 billion listings in May 2026 and more than 2 billion of them are refreshed every hour.33 Instead of a ranked list of links, the result appears as a curated panel of products with a summary.29 Even here Google does not make the feed a condition. Its guide to AI search says that Merchant Center feeds can help products be seen.32 A Merchant Center account becomes mandatory only for the UCP checkout itself.25 Anyone who advertises with shopping campaigns in Google Ads already has both the account and the feed, because those campaigns take their data from Merchant Center.34
With agents in the browser it is the other way round. Google's guide for developers describes how an agent reads a page in three ways, from a screenshot, from the HTML and from the accessibility tree that screen readers use.30 Such an agent does not use UCP and buys as a guest in the ordinary checkout.35 What helps screen readers helps the agent too, which is why an accessibility audit belongs in the preparation.
AI answers in search depend on what crawlers can read. In a measurement by Vercel from December 2024 the crawlers of OpenAI, Anthropic, Meta and Perplexity did not run JavaScript, so they saw only what arrived in the HTML from the server.31
The SEO consultant Aleyda Solis writes that UCP does not replace the discipline and only extends it. The question of whether a search engine can find and rank a page is joined by a second one, whether an agent trusts the shop enough to complete a purchase there.36 The following overview is based on her analysis.
| Area | Until now | What is added |
|---|---|---|
| Goal | Ranking in the results and a visit | The shop's ability to actually complete the purchase |
| Data | The page and structured data | The feed, structured data and the page must say the same about price, availability and shipping |
| Trust | Authority of the site | Clear return policies, a support contact and reliable delivery |
| Measurement | Web analytics | Orders from agents may not show up in ordinary analytics and have to be counted from order data |
| Team | An SEO specialist | Cooperation with development, operations and a lawyer |
Google summed up what stays the same in a guide from May 2026. It says that ordinary SEO practice applies to AI search. Structured data is not a requirement and there is no need to create any new machine-readable files or special markup.32
A measurement by Adobe from April 2026 shows how much work remains on the pages themselves. Among US shops, product pages were the hardest for machines to read. On average AI could read 66% of their content, compared with 75% for home pages.37
How to check it on your own site
You can find out in a minute how much of your page a machine can read. We have our own SEO tester, which runs on JoomlaPortal.cz. It is free and needs no registration. It checks one page against more than 130 points and splits the result into 11 areas, each with a score from 0 to 100. You can enter a product page as well. The interface is in Czech.38
Two areas matter most for agents. AI readability checks schema.org structured data, whether the content makes sense without JavaScript and whether robots.txt blocks AI crawlers. It also looks for an llms.txt file, even though Google requires no special files for its AI search.3238 Accessibility covers, among other things, the labels of images, form fields, links and buttons, from which the browser builds the accessibility tree.
The tester always reads a single page. The feed and the UCP profile are not among its checks and an automated test finds only some accessibility errors.38 That is where our SEO audit for Google and AI follows on. In it we go through the technical state, content and links and find out whether the site is among the sources of AI answers.
Outlook
What the future holds for agentic commerce
Forecasts differ by a factor of up to thirty-five. Surveys of what people will entrust to agents are more useful.
Market size estimates are best taken with caution. Morgan Stanley expects purchases through agents to make up 10 to 20% of US e-commerce in 2030, which corresponds to 190 to 385 billion dollars.39 McKinsey talks about 3 to 5 trillion dollars worldwide.40 The lowest and the highest forecast differ by a factor of up to thirty-five because every firm counts something different.41 Gartner goes furthest for business purchasing. It expects 90% of purchases between companies to pass through agents by 2028.42
For Europe a McKinsey survey from France, Germany and the United Kingdom is more useful. 38% of respondents use AI when choosing goods, most often to compare brands, prices and reviews. The closer to payment, the lower the willingness. People mind less when a step is reversible, explicitly approved and traceable.40 Lupa summed up the Czech figures. According to the Czech e-commerce association APEK half of Czech online shoppers have already used AI when choosing goods, mostly as an adviser. According to PayU a third of Czechs would probably use agentic shopping, yet only 4% know the term well.15
What speaks for UCP
- Google, Amazon, Meta, Microsoft, Shopify and Stripe, which compete elsewhere, sit side by side on the councils.3
- The protocol no longer covers only goods. Parts for food and lodging are taking shape and a hotel booking proposal was published on 25 September 2026.3
- The August version added 3DS2 authentication, deposits, instalments and split payments, which real commerce cannot do without.1920
- According to its business blog TikTok requires a UCP integration for its Buy Direct feature, and Amazon adopted the schemas for Alexa+.411
- The Apache 2.0 licence and joining without registration leave room for small players too.7
What speaks against it
- Visibility on Google still depends on its selection of merchants and on three countries.25
- Unlike MCP and A2A, the standard is not governed by an independent foundation.1443
- The specification changes in backward-incompatible ways. The August version removed the
signing_keysfield and renamed the payment extension, and an old profile still passes validation.44 - The first big attempt at buying directly in a chat ended after six months, when OpenAI stepped back from it in March 2026.18
- Shops outside the big platforms are poorly covered.2143
What comes first can be seen from what has already been merged into the specification and is waiting for the December release. An agent will be able to ask the shop a question and get an answer grounded in facts the shop has published. Machine-readable return policies, new signing of order webhooks and a checkout created straight from the basket are on the way.4
Linelab's prediction
Where we think this is heading
This part is our opinion. We attach data to it, but the data gives no certainty.
The customer of a website will first and foremost be AI, so websites will be primarily for AI. People will ask their AI agent and it will read, compare and order.
With online shops it is starting right now.
In a few years software will be almost free. The only thing that stays scarce is what cannot be generated.
The customer of a website will be AI
By the number of requests this is already true. Cloudflare, whose network carries roughly a fifth of all websites, announced in June 2026 that bots were for the first time generating more requests for web pages than people, about 57%.4546 The figure covers all bots in one network and AI is only part of them, so we take it as an indicator of direction. Cloudflare's chief executive Matthew Prince had said back in March that for a task where a person would visit five shops, an agent visits roughly a thousand times more pages.46
With shops the shift shows in orders as well. Adobe measures visits to US online shops and in the first quarter of 2026 visits from AI services were up 393% year on year. In March 2026 these visits ended in a purchase 42% more often than the rest, which was a record. A year earlier they had ended in a purchase 38% less often.37
What follows for a website is that the first reader of a product page is more and more often a machine, and the machine decides whether a person gets to the page at all. Websites for people will not disappear because of that. A person will come to them later and with a finished selection, to check it and pay. That is how buying through Zboží.cz works today.6
We expect the same movement outside e-commerce. People will ask an assistant about the website of a municipality, a hospital or a school. The assistant needs the same as an agent in a shop, a clear structure, accessible forms and data that can be read by a machine.
With online shops it is starting now
In February 2026 the expectation was that this wave would reach the Czech Republic in a year at the earliest.24 In November we have Seznam testing agentic shopping on Zboží.cz and Shoptet with UCP in the platform on all plans.56 At the same time not even one percent of e-commerce flows through agents yet.27 That is why we write that it is starting.
Software will be almost free
Here we lean on two figures. According to Stanford's AI Index report the price of using a language model at the level of GPT-3.5 fell from 20 dollars to 7 cents per million tokens between November 2022 and October 2024.47 In April 2026 Google said that 75% of its new code is generated by AI and approved by engineers. In autumn 2025 it was half and in 2024 a quarter.4849
UCP shows this on a small scale. The first open extensions for WooCommerce, PrestaShop and Joomla appeared within weeks and months of the specification's release, often as the work of individuals or small teams.502851 Writing the code is no longer the bottleneck. The bottleneck becomes the question of who is liable for it, who will maintain it through every change of the specification and whether anyone switches it on at all.
What cannot be generated
When text, images and code are almost free, value lies in what a machine cannot produce by itself.
True data
Real stock, a real price and a real delivery time. Gartner expects purchases through agents to rest on verifiable data and trust frameworks.42
Liability
The shop remains the seller and answers for the order. In its October terms Walmart wants an agent to identify itself and the company that deployed it to be answerable for it.4
Operating experience
What breaks in a shop during a sale or a stock outage cannot be learned from documentation.
Trust
A public office, a hospital and an established company all want a supplier they know and who will still be here in five years.
Community
Open source is held together by people who review the code, fix it and agree on its direction. Without them open code would be nothing more than an archive.
The physical world
Goods, shipping, service and returns. An agent can compare them but cannot perform them.
The protocol itself is moving in the same direction. The December version is set to bring machine-readable return policies and questions that the shop answers with facts it has published itself.4 There is no room in it for advertising copy, because an agent compares data.
Where we may be wrong
The pace is the least certain part. OpenAI tried buying directly in ChatGPT and stepped back after six months because, in its own words, the first version did not give merchants enough freedom.18 People are reluctant to entrust payment to agents.40 Amazon does not let third-party agents into its store.4 And the fact that AI writes most new code does not mean the code is free. Even at Google engineers approve it48 and someone has to keep maintaining it.
Our view
What role open source can play
The specification is open. Implementations will decide whom it serves.
The chart in the section on the current state shows it quite clearly. Where a platform switched UCP on for everyone, almost everyone has it. WooCommerce, the most widespread e-commerce platform on the web, has genuine adoption close to zero.2123 So far the open standard serves mainly closed platforms in practice.
On a hosted platform one company flips the switch for everybody. In open source every operator has to install something, configure it and then maintain it. Until support sits directly in the core or in an official extension, adoption will depend on individuals. That is why we think open source has more work to do here than usual.
Support from the shop's authors
It helps most when the project itself publishes and maintains the extension. For Shopware a standalone plugin came first. It is now archived and UCP support has moved to the official Agentic Commerce extension.5253
The same equipment for small shops
A small shop on its own hosting should get the same as a shop on Shopify, without a monthly fee and without migrating.
Custom extensions
Anyone can publish a capability under their own domain without approval. The dev.ucp namespace is reserved for the official parts.7 This is how local carriers and pick-up points will find their way into the protocol.
Scrutiny
Code that accepts orders from machines on a shop's behalf should be open to inspection. The specification also has an official conformance test suite.28
A voice in shaping the standard
The specification is developed on GitHub and community contributors took part in the proposal too.3
Independence
Any agent can read a profile on your own domain. The shop then does not depend on being picked by a single search engine.
What already exists in open source
| Platform | Project | What it does | Licence |
|---|---|---|---|
| WooCommerce | UCP for WooCommerce | REST, MCP and embedded checkout. Payment takes place in the existing WooCommerce checkout54 | Open source WordPress.org directory |
| WooCommerce | UCP/ACP Agent | UCP and ACP on top of one shop. The author reports 75 of 75 in the official conformance tests28 | GPL 2.0 |
| Shopware 6 | Agentic Commerce | Catalogue, basket, checkout, orders and account linking over REST, A2A and embedded checkout. MCP only on version 6.753 | MIT |
| Magento 2 | MageMaclean UCP | Shop profile and capability negotiation on top of the existing GraphQL and REST55 | OSL 3.0 |
| PrestaShop 8 and 9 | Fondouk | Catalogue reading for agents, checkout is planned51 | MIT |
| Joomla | Plugins for HikaShop | The plugin by the shop's authors offers catalogue, basket, checkout, shipping, discounts and orders over REST, optionally MCP.35 An independent free plugin publishes the catalogue and hands the purchase over to the checkout50 | Part of the shop independent plugin GPL 2 or later |
The table is a selection. There are other plugins for WooCommerce, AgentCart for example.56 Maturity varies. Most projects are the work of individuals or small teams and some can only publish a profile and offer the catalogue.
Joomla, Phoca Cart and VirtueMart
We build on Joomla and for online shops we work with Phoca Cart and VirtueMart. In November 2026 we found no ready-made UCP extension for either of them. In the Joomla ecosystem we found support only for HikaShop.3550
Technically it is a translation layer. It publishes the profile, offers the catalogue and basket and hands the checkout over to the shop's website through continue_url. It is the same model Seznam uses with Shoptet today.6 We raised it on the forum as a suggestion, and we can also build such an extension as custom development.
This ties in with our third thesis. If code keeps getting cheaper, the value of open source will lie mainly in the fact that someone maintains it in the long run, that anyone can inspect it and that a community decides on its direction.
Practice
How to prepare an online shop for AI agents
Most of the preparation pays off even if agents arrive later.
- Run a quick test. Enter your home page and a product page into our SEO tester. Within a minute you will see whether the content makes sense without JavaScript, whether the page carries structured data and whether robots.txt blocks AI crawlers.38
- Put your product data in order, meaning stable identifiers, variants, barcodes, prices and availability. Comparison sites, Merchant Center and agents all need the same data. If you take it from suppliers, you can clean it during the import.
- Check that the feed, the structured data and the page say the same thing. A mismatch in price or availability can exclude a shop from purchases through an agent.36
- Find out what your platform can do. Shoptet has UCP in the platform on all plans.6 With open source solutions, look at the overview above and ask your supplier.
- For Zboží.cz keep an eye on the feed for Seznam Nákupy and an active Sklik account. Without them purchases through an agent will not be switched on.6
- Fix what the test found. Content should be in the HTML from the server and the site should be accessible. It helps screen readers and agents in the browser alike.3031
- With UCP, start with reading and a handover to the checkout. A profile, catalogue and basket are a much smaller project than payment inside a chat.
- Plan for maintenance. The specification is released several times a year and changes in backward-incompatible ways.44
The legal side is not settled, for example liability for a purchase an agent made on its own.43 Discuss consents and terms and conditions with a lawyer.
Linelab
What we already do for online shops
We have been doing most of this for years as SEO, accessibility and data work. What changes is who reads the result.
There is no need to wait until Google opens shopping in your country. What an agent needs can be prepared today and it pays off for ordinary search and comparison sites too.
SEO tester on JoomlaPortal.cz
We have our own SEO tester. You enter the address of a page and within a minute you get a score from 0 to 100, a rating in 11 areas and five fixes to start with. One of the areas rates AI readability. The test is free and needs no registration, and for Joomla sites it adds the steps to take in the administration. The interface is in Czech.38
SEO audit for Google and AI
We go through the technical state, content and links. AI search is part of it. We find out whether the site is among the sources of AI answers, what its structured data looks like and what is left of it without JavaScript.
Product data and feeds
We connect the shop to suppliers and prepare feeds for comparison sites and marketplaces such as Zboží.cz and Heureka. During the import we clean, translate and match the data, so the comparison site and the agent get the same thing.
PPC advertising in Google Ads
We manage Google Ads campaigns and we are a Google Partner. Shopping campaigns take their data from the same Merchant Center feed that buying through Google in AI Mode relies on.34
Accessibility audit
We audit against WCAG 2.1 level AA including the purchase process and we test with screen readers. Agents in the browser read the same accessibility tree.30
UCP for Phoca Cart and VirtueMart
We have not found a ready-made extension for them yet. We can develop one to order and start with the profile, catalogue and basket with a handover to the shop's checkout. We have written more than 50 extensions for Joomla.
Stock and accounting
An agent asks about real availability and price. We connect online shops to the Czech accounting and ERP systems Pohoda, Helios and CÉZAR so that the answer is right.
A UCP extension needs ongoing maintenance, because the specification has been released four times this year and a fifth version is announced for December. We handle it as part of Joomla website maintenance. The website and the source code remain yours.
Want to know how an AI agent sees your online shop?
The initial consultation takes 30 minutes and is free and without obligation. We will go through your data and platform and tell you what makes sense to do now and what can wait.
Terms
Glossary
Expressions that recur in the text. They follow the specification and the overview of protocols.714
| Term | What it means |
|---|---|
| Agent | A program with artificial intelligence that carries out a task for a person on its own, for example chooses and orders goods |
| Agentic commerce | A purchase in which an agent handles part of the process or all of it. Also called agentic shopping |
| UCP | Universal Commerce Protocol, an open standard for communication between an agent and a shop |
| ACP | Agentic Commerce Protocol by OpenAI and Stripe, today mainly for product data in ChatGPT |
| MCP | Model Context Protocol, a standard by which an AI application connects to tools and data sources |
| A2A | Agent2Agent, a protocol by which two independent agents assign tasks and pass results to each other |
| AP2 | Agent Payments Protocol, which covers authorising an agent to pay |
| Profile | The file at /.well-known/ucp in which a shop describes what it can do |
| Capability | A standalone function of a shop, such as catalogue, basket or checkout |
| Extension | An addition to a capability, such as shipping or discounts |
| Platform | In the language of the specification the party that acts for the customer, that is an agent or an application |
| Seller | The party that concludes the purchase contract and is liable for the order. Under UCP it remains the shop |
| Token | A substitute for a card number issued by a wallet |
| Shopping Graph | Google's database of listings, which Search and Gemini draw on |
| Accessibility tree | A machine description of a page that the browser prepares for screen readers |
| 3DS2 | Authentication of a card payment with the customer's bank |
FAQ
Frequently asked questions about agentic commerce
What is agentic commerce?
A purchase in which an AI agent does part of the work or all of it. It finds the goods, compares offers, builds the basket and prepares the order or even submits it. In the Czech Republic it is so far offered by Seznam on Zboží.cz, where the AI prepares the order and the customer checks it and pays in the online shop.
What is UCP, the Universal Commerce Protocol?
An open standard from Google and Shopify through which an AI agent and an online shop agree on the catalogue, basket, checkout and order. It is licensed under Apache 2.0 and a shop on any platform can deploy it.
Does agentic commerce already work in the Czech Republic?
Yes, in a limited form. Seznam has been testing it on Zboží.cz since September 2026 and is gradually switching it on for shops on Shopify and Shoptet. Purchases through Google are not available in the Czech Republic yet.
How do I prepare my online shop for AI agents?
Start with the data. The feed, the structured data and the page must say the same about price, availability and shipping. Then find out whether your platform supports UCP and check that the content of your pages is in the HTML from the server and that the site is accessible.
How do I find out whether AI can read my online shop?
Our SEO tester on JoomlaPortal.cz gives a quick answer. It is free and needs no registration. For one page it checks, among other things, structured data, whether the content makes sense without JavaScript and whether robots.txt blocks AI crawlers. The feed and the UCP profile are not among its checks, an audit covers those.
Is a good product feed enough, or do I need UCP as well?
The feed is how an agent finds you. UCP is how it prepares or completes a purchase with you. For Zboží.cz you need both, a feed for Seznam Nákupy and a platform that supports UCP.
Do I need Shopify to use UCP?
No. Shopify's only advantage is that it switched UCP on for its shops itself. In the Czech Republic Shoptet has it in the platform. For WooCommerce, Shopware, Magento and PrestaShop there are open extensions of varying maturity.
What is the difference between UCP, ACP, MCP and A2A?
UCP and ACP describe shopping. UCP came from Google and Shopify and covers the whole purchase, ACP was created by OpenAI and Stripe for ChatGPT and today serves mainly to pass product data. MCP and A2A are more general. MCP connects AI to tools and data, A2A connects agents to each other, and UCP can use both as a transport.
Will I lose the customer by joining?
You remain the seller. The order is created with you, you fulfil it and you handle returns. The relationship with the customer before the purchase will be weaker, because the choosing happens in the agent's interface. Also expect that orders from agents may not be visible in ordinary analytics.
Is it safe to let an AI agent pay?
The protocol assumes that the agent does not see card numbers. The wallet issues it a token and the shop redeems the token with its payment provider. Without a special mandate a person has to confirm the order. Surveys still show that people are reluctant to entrust payment to agents.
Is there a UCP extension for Joomla, Phoca Cart or VirtueMart?
In November 2026 we found no ready-made extension for Phoca Cart or VirtueMart. In the Joomla ecosystem we found support only for HikaShop. An extension can be developed to order, starting with the profile, catalogue and basket with a handover to the shop's checkout.
Do I have to rebuild my website because of AI search?
Mostly not. Google itself says that ordinary SEO applies to AI search and that no special files are needed. It is worth checking whether the content is in the HTML from the server, whether the site is accessible and whether the product data is right.
References
Sources
As of 14 November 2026.
- New tech and tools for retailers to succeed in an agentic shopping eraGoogle, 11 January 2026
- Universal Commerce ProtocolShopify
- Announcementsucp.dev, versions and council membership
- State of Agentic Commerce, October 2026UCP Checker, 30 October 2026
- Seznam.cz testuje agentní nakupování na Zboží.czMediaGuru, 1 September 2026, in Czech
- Shoptet otevírá e-shopům cestu k agentnímu nakupováníShoptet Blog, 10 November 2026, in Czech
- Core Conceptsucp.dev, documentation
- Checkout Capabilityucp.dev, specification
- Official Specification, overview of version 2026-04-08ucp.dev
- Universal Commerce Protocol, home pageucp.dev
- Checkout Integration ReferenceAmazon Developer, Alexa+
- Model Context Protocol, introduction to the documentationmodelcontextprotocol.io
- Introducing the Model Context ProtocolAnthropic, 25 November 2024
- The agentic protocol landscapeNeural Partners, updated 10 November 2026
- Umělá inteligence se chystá nakupovat za násLupa.cz, 1 October 2026, in Czech
- Announcing the Agent2Agent Protocol (A2A)Google Developers Blog, 9 April 2025
- Agent2Agent (A2A) Protocol Specificationa2a-protocol.org
- What Agentic Commerce Actually ShippedThomas Wiegold, 23 October 2026
- Release v2026-08-25GitHub, Universal-Commerce-Protocol/ucp
- What changed in the Universal Commerce Protocol since Februarybogozi.com
- Agentic Commerce Statistics 2026TechnologyChecker, 7 November 2026
- The State of Agentic Commerce, August 2026UCP Checker
- Ecommerce platform market share 2026GravityKit, HTTP Archive data from October 2026
- Dva protokoly, jedna revolucePavel Ungr, Lupa.cz, 18 February 2026, in Czech
- About the Universal Commerce Protocol and UCP-powered checkout feature on GoogleGoogle Merchant Center Help
- How to onboard to the UCP integration hub in Merchant CenterGoogle Merchant Center Help
- State of Agentic Commerce, September 2026UCP Checker, 22 September 2026
- UCP/ACP Agent for WooCommerceGitHub, ooasis
- Google AI Shopping FeaturesShopify Blog
- Build agent-friendly websitesweb.dev, Google
- The rise of the AI crawlerVercel and MERJ, 17 December 2024
- Optimizing your website for generative AI features on Google SearchGoogle Search Central
- Shopping GraphPPC Land
- About product dataGoogle Ads Help
- Universal Commerce Protocol (UCP)HikaShop, documentation, 13 November 2026
- Analysis of the impact of UCP on e-commerce SEOAleyda Solis
- AI traffic grows but retail sites lag in AI search visibilityAdobe, 16 April 2026
- SEO tester zdarma, online test webu ve 130 bodechJoomlaPortal.cz, in Czech
- Here Come the Shopping BotsMorgan Stanley Research
- Europe’s agentic commerce momentMcKinsey & Company
- Agentic Commerce Market Size Forecast 2030Stellagent
- AI agents will command $15 trillion in B2B purchases by 2028Digital Commerce 360, 28 November 2025
- Universal Commerce Protocol (UCP) ExplainedEco
- UCP v2026-08-25 Breaks QuietlyUCP Tools
- Bot traffic now exceeds traffic from human usersSemrush, 13 June 2026
- Online bot traffic will exceed human traffic by 2027, Cloudflare CEO saysTechCrunch, 19 March 2026
- AI Index Report 2025, chapter 1Stanford HAI
- Momentum and innovation at Google scaleGoogle, Cloud Next 2026, 22 April 2026
- Google CEO says 75% of company’s new code is AI-generatedSemafor, 24 April 2026
- Universal Commerce Protocol (UCP) for HikaShopJoomla Extensions Directory
- Implementing UCP on PrestaShop 8/9DEV Community
- SwagUcp, archived plugin for Shopware 6GitHub, Agentic Commerce Lab
- Agentic Commerce, plugin for ShopwareGitHub, shopware
- Universal Commerce Protocol (UCP) for WooCommerceWordPress.org
- Universal Commerce Protocol (UCP) for Magento 2Adobe Commerce Marketplace
- AgentCartWordPress.org
